In the present invention, a nanoporous membrane having a columnar structure is manufactured through a deposition technology used in a semiconductor process, and the size of a nanopore is adjusted by etching the lower surface of the manufactured nanoporous membrane or using a seed layer and a nanobead layer so that scaling up is available at a lowered process temperature and the size of the nanopore can be easily adjusted when manufacturing the nanoporous membrane having a columnar structure.