Dynamics of a divisive gain control in human vision

Abstract

Evidence for a divisive contrast gain control in human vision was obtained using a contrast version of the probe-on-flash technique that has been employed in the light adaptation literature. Thresholds were measured for a briefly flashed (30 ms), vertical test pattern superimposed on a cosine mask as a function of time after mask onset (SOA). Threshold elevations declined monotonically for SOAs up to 150 ms, and exhibited an exponential time course with an average time constant of 51 ms. Increment thresholds for the test as a function of mask contrast provide direct evidence that these effects are due to operation of a divisive gain control within the first 150 ms after stimulus onset. Experiments to measure the spatial spread of this gain control show it to be localized to a region of no more than 45 arc min radius. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.