Comparing performance and user experience of teleportation using controller, head-tracking, and eye-tracking in dynamic situation

Abstract

Since virtual reality can provide broad space, various locomotion methods have been proposed to explore it. Teleportation is one of the most preferred methods due to its minimal physical constraints and reduced motion sickness. The terrain of virtual spaces is limitless, and users may navigate in constantly evolving scenarios. Despite this flexibility, previous research has predominantly focused on static ground. This limitation makes selecting the optimal teleportation method for diverse situations challenging. Therefore, this study introduces dynamic locomotion situation and evaluates the performance and user experience(VRLEQ, VRSQ) of the teleportation using three targeting methods(controller, head-tracking, and eye-tracking). In dynamic situation, targets are placed at various interval distances(short, long) and plane speeds(slow, moderate, fast). The study also investigates the differences in teleportation performance based on movement type (static-to-dynamic, dynamic-to-static). In static situation, teleportation performance and usability for targets at different interval distances(short, medium, long) are measured, and the results are compared with those in dynamic situation. The behavioral experiment conducted with 60 participants revealed that teleportation efficiency and accuracy vary with independent variables. This research contributes to an initial exploration of teleportation in dynamic situations and proposes teleportation design guidelines based on the findings.