Multiple-layered colloidal assemblies via dipping method with an external electric field

Abstract

When using the dipping method for crystal formation, mono-layered colloidal crystal structures depend upon the lift-up rate of a glass substrate. The mono-layered colloidal crystals showed the highest quality when the glass substrate was raised at a rate of 3 mm/min at 25degreesC in a 1 wt% polystyrene colloidal suspension (ethanol medium). In addition, in order to obtain multiple-layered colloidal crystals, an external electric field was introduced. Multiple-layered colloidal crystals were successfully obtained via this method. The colloidal particles were well ordered over large areas and assembled into a homogeneous structure.