Sintering behavior of cadmium-doped Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 ceramics

Abstract

Substituting Cd2+ ions into the A and B sites in a Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 (PNN-PZ-PT) ternary perovskite material made it possible to determine the effects of the Cd2+ ion substitution site on sintering behavior, The substitution site of the Cd2+ ion was identified by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra. Although Cd2+ ions mere substituted into the A and B sites in PNN-PZ-PT, the Cd2+ ions preferred the A site over the B site. When Cd2+ ions replaced Pb2+ ions, a weight gain mas observed during sintering, On the other hand, replacing Ni2+ ions with Cd2+ ions promoted weight loss, Those weight changes indicated that Cd2+ ions change the bonding strength between the B-site cations and the oxygen of the octahedron in a perovskite structure, Density was influenced by the Cd2+ : ion substitution site, and the A-site-doped compositions had higher densities than the B-site-doped compositions.