Security and Safeguard of Small Modular Reactors: Assessing Potential Risk for SMR Deployment in Southeast Asia

Abstract

The potential deployment of small modular reactors (SMRs) can be one of the drivers toward decarbonized electricity. With the growing electricity demands, SMRs can provide clean electricity for the grid and other commercial operations. Southeast Asia is one of the emerging economies facing challenges in energy security and decarbonization. SMR could represent a strategic option, but their potential deployment in Southeast Asia has not been thoroughly assessed. Small and modular reactors have several features designed to improve the safety and security of the plant. However, the decrease in size and smaller facilities may cause undesirable consequences once a security incident happens. As several ASEAN countries have close geographical proximity, an incident in Southeast Asia could lead to severe transboundary impacts. Therefore, this paper is trying to assess the potential challenges to ensure the readiness of ASEAN in deploying SMR. Robust security and safeguard systems should be in place before SMR is in operation in the region. All relevant stakeholders should address the importance of answering security and safeguard challenges of SMR.