Examination of the possibility of nuclear-renewable hybrid energy systems in Malaysia

Abstract

Energy supply in Malaysia is mostly produced by non-renewable resources. According to the Malaysia Energy Statistic Handbook 2018, 42.5% of the energy mix is supplied by coal, 39.2% by gas, 16.6% by hydropower, and 1.8% others. Malaysia is the highest contributor to carbon dioxide emission in South East Asian [1] and is committed to a 40% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2030. To achieve this goal, a new energy mix is needed. The government's target is a 20% increase in renewable energy sources by 2030 [2]. Relying solely on renewables to reduce carbon dioxide emissions is difficult due to fluctuations in electric output. However, the European Union is including nuclear energy to meet their climate objective [3]. A nuclear-renewable hybrid energy approach can reduce greenhouse gas emissions while providing a secure baseload energy supply. This approach will increase the energy conversion efficiency necessary to optimize electricity supply stability and profitability [4]. To investigate the potential validity of this approach, this paper will use a concept schematic of a hybrid system potentially adoptable into Malaysia's energy mix. Using an SMR (small modular reactor) will reduce the required power plant investment, be a reasonable introduction for Malaysia into nuclear energy and provide flexibility in siting locations. Additionally, SMR's produce sufficient heat (300C) to potentially supply the torrefaction of oil palms. Introducing a nuclear-renewable hybrid energy system can help Malaysia reduce carbon dioxide emission and secure a continuous supply of electricity. This paper will suggest what should be investigated to determine the basic suitability of an SMR and the potential for using a hybrid energy approach in Malaysia.