Distributed scheduling and backscatter gateway for ultra-low-power IoT networks

Abstract

This thesis studies distributed scheduling and backscatter gateway for ultra-low-power Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. First, we propose a distributed scheduling algorithm that maximizes network lifetime (i.e., a measure of energy efficiency) while guaranteeing delay Quality-of-Service (QoS) over TSCH-based IoT networks. Specifically, we introduce a new adaptive parameter which makes a scheduling problem decompose into two subproblems. We propose the scheduling algorithm that solves the subproblems in a distributed manner. Second, we develop a new backscatter-based gateway so as to resolve problems of the massive IoT, which arise as the network grows. IoT signals (e.g., ZigBee or BLE) sent by an IoT device are converted into WiFi signals by the backscatter, so that we propose a new method of connecting the IoT device directly to the Internet via WiFi devices. Lastly, we extend the research of the backscatter-based IoT gateway in order to scale up IoT networks. By including batteryless sensors in the IoT network, we enable a larger scale data collection. Without additional communication cost, we envision the ultra-low-power IoT networks which enables massive data collection by the IoT devices and batteryless sensors.