DC Field | Value | Language |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | Shin, Eui-Cheol | - |
dc.contributor.advisor | 신의철 | - |
dc.contributor.author | Hong, Seon-Hui | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2019-08-25T02:43:43Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2019-08-25T02:43:43Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2019 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://library.kaist.ac.kr/search/detail/view.do?bibCtrlNo=842202&flag=dissertation | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10203/265118 | - |
dc.description | 학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 의과학학제전공, 2019.2,[xi, 76 p. :] | - |
dc.description.abstract | IFN-mediated innate immune response represents the first line of defense against virus infection. There are three distinct interferon (IFN) families based on their structures and receptor complex. Type I IFNs include 13 IFN-$\alpha$s, IFN-$\beta$, IFN-$\omega$, IFN-$\varepsilon$, and IFN-$\kappa$ and they bind a heterodimeric transmembrane receptor composed of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 subunits. IFN-$\gamma$ is a single member of type II IFN and its receptor is composed of IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. Type III IFNs, which were discovered in 2003, include IFN-$\lamda$1 (IL-29), IFN-$\lamda$2 (IL-28A), and IFN-$\lamda$3 (IL-28B). Recently, IFN-$\lamda$4 which is encoded on upstream region of IFNL3 on chromosome 19 was identified as a new member of type III IFNs. Type III IFNs exert their biological activity via a receptor complex that comprises the unique IFN$\lamda$R1 and IL-10R2 chain. Also, IFN-$\beta$ and IFN-$\lamda$s are known to be produced in virus infected cells. In 2013, the IFNL4 gene which encodes IFN-$\lamda$4 was identified on upstream region of IFNL3 locus during GWAS with HCV infected patients. Interestingly, the production of functional IFN-$\lamda$4 is determined by germline dinucleotide frameshift variant in exon 1 of IFNL4 gene (rs368234815). While the rs368234815-$\delta$G allele produces the full-length IFN-$\lamda$4 protein by one of transcript variant, rs368234815-TT allele cannot make IFN-$\lamda$4 because of premature stop codon. In addition, this rs368234815-$\delta$G/TT allele is the strongest genetic marker to predict responsiveness to pegylated IFN-$\alpha$ based therapy. So current study is focused on the underlying mechanism of IFN-$\alpha$ unresponsiveness in HCV infected patients with rs368234815-$\delta$G allele. Although Type I and III IFN binds to different receptor complex, both signaling results in activation of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) composed of phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1), phosphorylated STAT2, and interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9). ISGF3 enters into nucleous and binds to IFN-stimulated responsive element (ISRE) in the promoter of the ISGs. Using primary human hepatocytes and hepatoma cell lines, it was demonstrated that HCV infection induced IFN-$\lamda$4, which cause unresponsiveness to exogenous IFN-$\alpha$ treatment. It was reported that the gene expression of ISG15, one of the ISGs, was upregulated in HCV-infected liver and the expression level in the liver was higher in future nonresponder to pegylated-IFN-α based therapy than responder. Intracellular free ISG15 blocks SKP2 dependent degradation of USP18, which is an well-known negative regulator of type I IFN signaling, by preventing the ubiquitination of USP18 protein in human. Based on these previous reports, further study was done about the effect of IFN-$\lamda$4 on IFN-$\alpha$ responsiveness. It was proven that IFN-$\lamda$4 induced ISG15 stabilize the protein level of USP18, which is responsible for IFN-$\alpha$ unresponsiveness. HCV infection is currently treated with DAA, which directly targets different viral protein. So, the effect of DAAs on the IFN-$\lamda$4 expression and responsiveness to IFN-$\alpha$ treatment was examined. DAA treatment to HCV infected PHH reduced the intracellular HCV RNA titer, causing dramatically attenuated the gene expression of IFN-$\lamda$4 as well as IFN-$\lamda$1. As the expression of IFN-$\lamda$s including IFN-$\lamda$4 is decreased by treatment of DAA, the unresponsiveness to IFN-$\alpha$ became restored. The data suggest that DAA treatment might be beneficial in combination with pegylated-IFN-$\alpha$ based therapy as rescue treatment of DAA-failed patients. Unlike other IFNs, the secretion of IFN-$\lamda$4 is impaired, which in not due to a weak signal peptide. This property of poor secretion limits further investigation about IFN-$\lamda$4. Commercially available IFN-$\lamda$4 is purified from E.coli inclusion body through process including unfolding and refolding which might cause lack of proper protein folding. Also, recombinant IFN-$\lamda$4 protein without post translational modification, which is important process in mammalian cells cannot reflect biophysical properties of IFN-$\lamda$4. In this study, to improve the secretion of IFN-$\lamda$4, de novo N-glycosylation sites were introduced to of IFN-$\lamda$4 sequence using the structure based glycoengineering approach. Fianlly IFN-$\lamda$4 can be purified from the culture supernatant by de novo N-glycosylation introduction. In addition, de novo N-glycosylation-introduced IFN-$\lamda$4 mutants provide stronger bioactivity including activation of JAK-STAT pathway and antiviral effect in viral infection model than commercially available IFN-$\lamda$4 from E.coli. Considering that activity of IFN-$\lamda$4 tends to be rapid, but transient compared to IFN-$\lamda$1, -$\lamda$2, and –$\lamda$3, de novo N-glycosylation-introduced IFN-$\lamda$4 mutants might be candidates for therapeutic or clinical application. | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.publisher | 한국과학기술원 | - |
dc.subject | IFN-$\lamda$4▼ahepatitis C virus▼aIFN-$\alpha$ based therapy▼ainterferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15)▼aN-glycosylation | - |
dc.subject | 인터페론 람다4▼aC형 간염 바이러스▼a인터페론 알파 치료 반응성▼ainterferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15)▼aN-글리코실화 | - |
dc.title | Characterization of biological effect of IFN-$\lamda$4 in antiviral immune response | - |
dc.title.alternative | 인터페론 람다4의 항바이러스 면역반응에 관한 연구 | - |
dc.type | Thesis(Ph.D) | - |
dc.identifier.CNRN | 325007 | - |
dc.description.department | 한국과학기술원 :의과학학제전공, | - |
dc.contributor.alternativeauthor | 홍선희 | - |
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