Mathematical modeling of real-time scheduling for microgrid considering uncertainties of renewable energy sources

Abstract

This paper deals with the real-time scheduling of a microgrid considering uncertainties of renewable energy sources (RESs). A two-step mathematical model based on real-time scheduling and demand responses (DRs) is proposed. DR programs, time of use (TOU) and emergency demand response programs (EDRP), are used to minimize the operation cost of microgrid. The proposed real-time scheduling is based on spinning and load reserves to deal with uncertainties of RESs. In the first step, the day-ahead scheduling is run for 24 hours with forecasted RESs. The second step deals with the actual RESs and the microgrid operation is rescheduled in the real time. The effectiveness of DR programs on the electrical demand for each interval is also shown in this study. The mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) method using CPLEX optimization program is used to solve the proposed two-step mathematical model.