A novel route to large-scale and robust free-standing TiO2 nanotube membranes based on N-2 gas blowing combined with methanol wetting

Abstract

We present a novel and straightforward approach to fabricate large-scale and robust free-standing TiO2 nanotube (TNT) membranes. Simply by blowing N-2 gas onto as-anodized TNTs that are wetted with methanol, free-standing TNT membranes are produced. The approach also provides homogeneous and honeycomb-like Ti substrates after the detachment of TNT membranes. Through the second anodization of the honeycomb-like Ti substrates following the N-2 blowing, TNT membranes comprising hexagonally close-packed and regularly ordered TNTs with clear open ends can be achieved. Characterization of the free-standing TNT membranes using Raman spectroscopy and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope reveals that anatase TiO2 and crystalline graphitic carbon are embedded in the bottom surface of the free-standing TNT membranes.