Coagulant Protein-Free Blood Coagulation Using Catechol-Conjugated Adhesive Chitosan/Gelatin Double Layer

Abstract

Since the discovery of polyphenolic underwater adhesion in marine mussels, researchers strive to emulate this natural phenomenon in the development of adhesive hemostatic materials. In this study, bio-inspired hemostatic materials that lead to pseudo-active blood coagulation, utilizing traditionally passive polymer matrices of chitosan and gelatin are developed. The two-layer configuration, consisting of a thin, blood-clotting catechol-conjugated chitosan (CHI-C) layer and a thick, barrier-functioning gelatin (Geln) ad-layer, maximizes hemostatic capability and usability. The unique combination of coagulant protein-free condition with CHI-C showcases not only coagulopathy-independent blood clotting properties (efficacy) but also exceptional clinical potential, meeting all necessary biocompatibility evaluation (safety) without inclusion of conventional coagulation triggering proteins such as thrombin or fibrinogen. As a result, the CHI-C/Geln is approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS, Republic of Korea) as a class II medical device. Hemostatic efficacy observed in multiple animal models further demonstrates the superiority of CHI-C/Geln sponges in achieving quick hemostasis compared to standard treatments. This study not only enriches the growing body of research on mussel-inspired materials but also emphasizes the potential of biomimicry in developing advanced medical materials, contributing a promising avenue toward development of readily accessible and affordable hemostatic materials. This research develops bio-inspired hemostatic materials, achieving pseudo-active blood coagulation through the CHI-C/Geln sponge. Utilizing chitosan and gelatin, this two-layer configuration maximizes hemostatic capability without conventional coagulation proteins. The CHI-C/Geln sponge demonstrates excellent blood clotting efficacy and exceptional safety. This innovative approach, enriching mussel-inspired materials research, underscores biomimicry's potential for advanced medical materials, offering readily accessible and affordable hemostatic solutions. image