Modeling of air pollution exposure at bus stop via spatial regression analysis: a case study of Yeongdeungpo-gu

Abstract

The bus stop is relatively long to stay in one place and is located near the road, so it is analyzed as a place that can be vulnerable to air pollution exposure. However, the sampling method and number limited by the spatial scale are pointed out as a limit to assess the exposure of air pollution in micro-environment. Therefore, this study proposed an air pollution exposure intensity model that reflects the impact of vehicle emissions and passenger numbers on road links by small section near bus stops. In addition, as a part of efforts to prevent and reduce air pollution damage, we analyzed the ranking of stops that are vulnerable to air pollution and analyzed the hot spot. This study aims to elucidate the exposure intensity of air pollution at bus stops in Yeongdeungpo-gu, where vehicle emissions are high and are expected to be vulnerable to air pollution exposure. Furthermore, the area with high average exposure intensity was defined as a hot spot based on the location of the station installation, and the average exposure intensity was classified as 3.57 times higher. Also, the significance of this model was derived by grasping the influence on urban environmental factors (road network, traffic, and building environment), and a geographic weight regression model was implemented to control spatial heterogeneity and dependence. The understanding of urban environment deduced through this model is to consider the location of additional bus stops in the hot spot or to create additional urban environmental factors, which can be expected to be presented as an evaluation index of urban planning to prevent and minimize air pollution exposure near the stop.