International Comparison of Humane Entrepreneurship: Status, Typology and Policy Implications

Abstract

Humane entrepreneurship is defined as “the pursuit of entrepreneurial growth and humane development for opportunity realization and sustainable organization.” In this study, we evaluate and compare 19 countries by the degree to which ‘humane entrepreneurship’ is realized or emphasized. This study compares two factors of humane entrepreneurship, enterprise cycle and humane cycle, between different countries and examines a balance between the two. To make country-by-country comparison along humane entrepreneurship, we adopted Sethia and von Glinow’s (1985) organizational culture model, which originated from Blake and Mouton’s (1964) managerial grid model. Here, enterprise cycle and humane cycle of humane entrepreneurship correspond to concern for performance and concern for people. We suggest that keeping balance between humane cycle and enterprise cycle is important, because humane entrepreneurship is an internal condition for firm growth.