N-dimensional measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with N+1 un-characterized sources: zero quantum-bit-error-rate case

Abstract

We study N-dimensional measurement-device-independent quantum-key-distribution protocol where one checking state is used. Only assuming that the checking state is a superposition of other N sources, we show that the protocol is secure in zero quantum-bit-error-rate case, suggesting possibility of the protocol. The method may be applied in other quantum information processing.