Fundamental process and system design issues in CO2 vapor compression systems

Abstract

This paper presents recent developments and state of the art for transcritical CO2 cycle technology in various refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump applications. The focus will be on fundamental process and system design issues, including discussions of properties and characteristics of CO2, cycle fundamentals, methods of high-side pressure control, thermodynamic losses, cycle modifications, component/system design, safety factors, and promising application areas. The article provides a critical review of literature, and discusses important trends and characteristics in the development Of CO2 technology in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump applications. Advanced cycle design options are also introduced suggesting possible performance improvements of the basic cycle. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd.