Capacity configuration and power operation scheme in electric vehicle charging facility through multi-data analysis

Abstract

This paper deals with the construction and operation of facilities for charging infrastructure in consideration of the power system and the characteristics of electric vehicle users in the actual power market. In the past decade, the penetration rate of electric vehicles has increased rapidly due to the fall in the price of lithium-ion batteries and raw materials. In contrast, there remains a problem that the supply of charging infrastructure is insufficient which could occur based on two reasons: i) a complex electricity pricing, and ii) the existing complexity factors that need to be considered in a charging infrastructure. Here, we try to determine the contract power capacity that minimizes the overall monetary loss by conducting a probabilistic analysis of the various rate systems and the transferring consideration factors (i.e., loss of opportunity cost, maintenance cost) into the monetary aspect. To consider various complexity factors in electric vehicle charging facility, this paper deals with the power operation scheme with the introduction of an energy storage system. In order to determine proper contract power in electric vehicle charging facility, opportunity cost according to the setting of contract power is mathematically modeled by analyzing the relation between the power sales price and electric vehicle's willingness-to-charge energy that is gathered from the actual statistics data. In addition, by considering the peak power distribution in the charging infrastructure, we analyzed probabilistically the situation in which charging facilities pay penalty charges or excessive charges that occur due to the set of contract power. By using the proposed approach, it is possible to formulate the utility function of electric vehicle charging facility to minimize the overall monetary cost and derive the optimal contract power in the facility. Furthermore, this paper proves the effectiveness of the proposed technology through the set up of test bed which is organized with actual data set. By proposing the proper power operation scheme, this paper tries to maximize the overall profit and solve the uncertainty issues that occur due to the electric vehicle users. In addition, it is possible to supply the sufficient power to individual electric vehicle to satisfy it's requirement and minimize the problems caused by the uncertainty of vehicle by introducing the energy storage system. Here, verification of the proposed power operation method is conducted using the charging data of individual electric vehicle. In this way, this paper proposes a scheme to manage power supplement to individual electric vehicle considering the requirements and uncertainty issues that could occur in the actual power system. By proposing a way to determine contract power and power operation scheme, it is possible to maximize the overall profits of electric vehicle charging facility by considering various factors in actual environment. Through the proposed schemes, it is possible to induce the expansion of electric vehicle charging infrastructure in private businesses by maximizing monetary benefit of facility and considering the requirements of electric vehicle users in the system.