Site-Selective 1,1-Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes Enabled by Cationic Palladium Catalysis

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A palladium(II)-catalyzed 1,1-difunctionalization of unactivated terminal and internal alkenes via addition of two nucleophiles was developed using a cationic palladium(II) complex. The palladacycle generated in situ as a result of a regioselective addition of a nucleophile to the alkene can readily undergo regioselective beta-hydride elimination and migratory insertion with a cationic palladium catalyst. The resulting eta(3)-pi-allyl palladium(II) complex is the key intermediate that reacts with a second nucleophile to furnish the desired 1,1-difunctionalization of the alkene. Under the optimized reaction conditions, a wide range of indoles and anilines add to alkene units of 3-butenoic or 4-pentenoic acid derivatives to afford the synthetically useful gamma,gamma- or delta,delta-difunctionalized products with excellent regiocontrol. Furthermore, by employing internal hydroxyl or acid groups and external carbon nucleophiles, this transformation enables unsymmetric 1,1-difunctionalization to forge challenging and important oxo quaternary carbon centers. Combining experiments and DFT calculations on the mechanism of the reaction is investigated in detail.
Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
Issue Date
2019-06
Language
English
Article Type
Article
Citation

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, v.141, no.25, pp.10048 - 10059

ISSN
0002-7863
DOI
10.1021/jacs.9b04142
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10203/263682
Appears in Collection
CH-Journal Papers(저널논문)
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